Theodore H. Schwartz, MD is a neurosurgeon and the author of Gray Matters: A Biography of Brain Surgery (published by Dutton, an imprint of Penguin Random House). He has published over five hundred scientific articles and chapters on neurosurgery and has lectured around the world—from Bogotá to Vienna to Mumbai—on new, minimally invasive surgical techniques that he helped develop. He studied philosophy and literature at Harvard.